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<form id="checkboxform" method="post" action="">
    <input type="checkbox" name="bjjb" value="1">交通事故<br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="bjjb" value="2">自然灾害<br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="bjjb" value="3">恶劣天气<br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="bjjb" value="4">严重违法行为<br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="bjjb" value="5">路面损毁<br>
    <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="selectAll()">全选</a>
    <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="selectNone()">全不选</a>
    <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="selectInvert()">反选</a>
    <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="selectOne()">必须选择一个</a>
</form>
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    交通事故

    自然灾害

    恶劣天气

    严重违法行为

    路面损毁

    全选
    全不选
    反选
    必须选择一个

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 //全选  
 function selectAll() {
     var names = document.getElementsByName("bjjb");
     for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
         names[i].checked = true;
     }
 }
 //全不选  
 function selectNone() {
     var names = document.getElementsByName("bjjb");
     for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
         names[i].checked = false;
     }
 }
 //反选  
 function selectInvert() {
     var names = document.getElementsByName("bjjb");
     for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
         if (names[i].checked) {
             names[i].checked = false;
         } else {
             names[i].checked = true;
         }
     }
 }
 //必须选择一个  
 function selectOne() {
     var names = document.getElementsByName("bjjb");
     var flag = false; //标记判断是否选中一个                 
     for (var i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
         if (names[i].checked) {
             flag = true;
             break;
         }
     }
     if (!flag) {
         alert("请最少选择一项！");
         return false;
     }
 }
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